Composting is the process of biodegradation under controlled conditions, notably temperature, in an aerobic environment (= presence of oxygen).
Biodegradation takes place in two stages: first, the organic compounds decompose, then they are assimilated by micro-organisms. During this process, the organic compounds are transformed into compost. This compost can be used as a soil improver or plant fertilizer.
There are two main types of composting: industrial (at high temperatures) and less controlled domestic.